GOLF BAGS.
Golf bags first appeared and began to be widely used around 1870. Before that, golf caddies simply carried a bunch of clubs under their arms. Nowadays golf bags play an important role and you are unlikely to be allowed on the golf course without one. Needless to say, the range of bags is quite large.

A tubular bag is ideal for six or seven clubs and during practice.

Lightweight bags – make sure the strap is strong enough for the number of clubs you intend to carry. A collapsible bag may not be suitable for a full set, nor should it be used in conjunction with a golf cart.

The carrying bag should not be too big to carry comfortably, but it should be roomy enough to stow a set, and it should be rigid so that it can be carried on a cart, and with a sturdy strap. Get a bag with a cover that will protect the contents from rain.

A bag with compartments for each club is a good way to keep your clubs separate, especially useful for clubs with graphite stems which can be heavy.

A competition bag should have a very sturdy strap and sturdy bottom as caddies often sit on them!

A versatile bag is ideal for traveling and for carrying in the car. Look for a bag with a sturdy strap that fits the number of clubs you are going to carry, a tough bag if you want to cart it around, a rain cover, a secure bottom, and roomy pockets so you can put everything you want to take to the course in there. If you’re using graphite shaft clubs, the padded cloth dividers will protect them.

GOLF BAGS
Golf bags come with zippers on the ends and are used to store valuables. It is advisable to purchase a bag with a shoe compartment that can be stored separately from your clothes.

GOLF SHOE COVERS.
They can be made of vinyl, fabric, leather, or lambskin. Although sheepskin is more expensive, it is in many ways better than the other options because it is waterproof and also “breathes”, which keeps moisture from accumulating inside. Covers are great for keeping a set intact. However, unless the irons are made of stainless steel, you should make sure that the covers are not wet.

GOLF CARTS.
Most players use carts that have to be pulled or electric varieties. When you are dealing with a cart that requires pulling, check to see how small it is after folding, and then consider whether you want to remove the bag from the cart before folding it and putting it away in the car. Some players prefer to leave the bag attached to the cart, while others find such a design too heavy and cumbersome and prefer to separate them.

Check not only the weight of the cart, but also which way it pushes. For a cart to be comfortable, it must be well-balanced-whether you’re pulling or pushing it.

Ideally, you should be able to pull it with your arm hanging freely. If the balance is wrong or the handle is too long, your arm will hold the cart at an awkward angle. Look for a cart with an adjustable handle and test the cart in the store by placing your bag of clubs on it.

If you want to buy an electric cart, pay attention to its weight and the weight of the battery. Many older players have electric carts because they are easier to use on the field, but then find that the battery is too heavy to lift the cart. Always buy an electric cart from a professional at your golf club. You will be able to go to him or her to recharge the battery.

IMPORTANT GOLF ACCESSORIES
There are many other items you will need to use on the course. These include a towel in a bag for cleaning the ball, wiping your hands, etc., which is used in wet weather. Get a good umbrella that will protect you from the rain and from the wind. You need the type of umbrella with a sturdy base that can withstand any kind of bad weather, up to and including a hurricane.

Tees can be wooden or plastic. Wooden ones will break with almost every hard hit, but some professionals believe they do less damage to clubs, especially good persimmon clubs. For amateurs, turret-shaped tees with a set height are a great option. Use one height for drivers, another for woofers #3 and #4, and the lowest height for iron strokes.

Most professionals play by keeping tees in their pockets. A tee holder that also holds a pencil, a score card, and a few ball markers is more convenient. It is possible to buy such a holder, which will be attached to the bag. A really useful innovation is a wiping device for the ball that stays wet. This item is especially useful on courts where there is no place to wash the ball. While this item is not used by professionals who rely on spit and caddie services, it is useful for the amateur and protects against the potential dangers that lie in licking the ball.

Add a “fishing rod” to your outfit, a ball retrieval device that helps retrieve balls when they hit the water.

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Early in their careers, beginners are advised to buy half a set. This might be a No. 3 wood plus a No. 5 or No. 7 wood, supplemented by even or odd irons. If you want to follow this advice, look for a putter that is sold as independent equipment – this will allow you to add additional putters to your half of the set as your skill grows.

It is not necessary to have the same model of woods as the irons. However, it is advisable to purchase a set of matched irons that are similar in weight and balance.

Drivers are made with a club head angle of 7′ to 12′. While professionals taking part in tournaments can be satisfied with an angle of 7′.

Knowing the construction of golf clubs will help you choose the ones that work best for you. Choose a club with a comfortable shaft. In the case of choosing an iron, this is less important than when choosing a wood. When you purchase a driver, you need to pick the right rod. If you use a rod that is too stiff, it will result in low pitch and deflected strokes to the right. If the rod is too soft and flexible, it is difficult to control the flight direction of the ball.

Rods are usually categorized as follows: E – hard, I – regular men’s, A or senior golfer’s rod (suitable for older men and women with a high game class or high height), and I – women’s. Some rod types are listed in numbers, but your coach can tell you how these numbers relate to regular men’s and women’s rods. Do not use a stiff rod if you are not sure you can handle it.

Regular men’s rods are suitable for almost all club players who are men. Women’s club rods are suitable for most women.

Taller women who prefer longer rods are advised to use a senior rod.

Take care of your clubs. Whether your clubs are made of metal or wood, you need to protect them with head covers. If they get wet, remove the covers after the game is over and wipe them dry.

Keep the woods in good condition by wiping with polyethylene varnish where the coating has been damaged. If the face markings are bad, apply a small amount of linseed oil and let it dry before applying varnish.

Choosing golf clubs is extremely important. This does not mean buying very expensive equipment, but you should select clubs according to your height, strength, and overall playing style.

Most players can use standard length clubs. However, people vary greatly in height, and their hands are usually about the same distance from the ground. Men between 160 cm and 180 cm can use standard length clubs, the same goes for women between 155 cm and 168 cm.

It should be remembered that if you increase the length of the club, the rod rises, the head seems heavier. If you shorten the club, it becomes less flexible and your hands feel worse. Tall players in particular often have difficulty with clubs that are too short, especially short irons.

It is often very important to have a proper club line, in other words, the angle at which the club is positioned relative to the ground when the player takes the baseline stance. If the player is tall, or if he holds his hands high, the heel of the club may go up, and the toe will tend to hit the ground, resulting in a slice. That’s why a tall player should carefully check the stick’s position.

Buy clubs with the right thickness, gri-fingers of the left hand should touch the thumb pad only slightly. Keep the grips in good condition, wash them regularly with warm water.

If you bought a new set of clubs with ill-fitting grips, ask your clubmaker to adjust them to your needs. The grips should be egg-shaped, not round. Therefore, if the grips are not fitted correctly, you will have difficulty keeping the club face straight and bringing it to the ball evenly.

An experienced golfer should be able to select a club with their eyes closed by turning it around and placing their hands on it – feeling the gripe.

The thickness of the gripe is very important for good hitting. Some adjustment can be made by wrapping tape around the stick. Almost all professionals use a patter with a flat front gripe. This ensures proper grip – thumbs in front and hands at the sides. Always check the striking surface of the patter. This is the hitting area of the front part of the putter that gives the correct stroke.

Patters usually come in four types – putter shaped putter, putter with a hammerhead, putter with a rod at the middle of the putter head, with mass distributed to the heel, toe and sole of the putter head.

The latter two types have the greatest likelihood of the greatest impact surface. Compared to these, the old-fashioned putter is very hard to use.

Patters vary in length from 80 to 90 cm. The angle of the face of the putter can range from 3° to 7°. Patters with a small angle are ideal for competitive greens. Large angle putters can be used on poor greens or by players who put their hands in front of them at the baseline. A lightweight putter can be very difficult to control, while a heavy putter encourages even swing.

Choose the patter with a flat grip – it is more comfortable to hold correctly. And remember: the shaft should be at least 10″ out of the vertical.

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Some clubs insist that men wear long socks with shorts. Other rules prohibit ladies from being in the clubhouse in shorts or even pants. Golfers’ uniforms vary from country to country and from club to club.

You need clothes that allow for the completely free movement of various parts of the body needed for basic strokes. There is no shortage of choices when it comes to shirts, sweaters, pants, shorts, slacks or skirts.

Remember that you need to spend several hours on the field, during which time significant changes in weather conditions can occur. If the weather seems erratic, make sure you have enough extra clothing to keep you warm, as frozen limbs and joints are the biggest enemies when playing golf, put a waterproof raincoat in your backpack in case it rains.

When choosing a waterproof raincoat, remember that you are unlikely to find clothing that is completely impervious to water. The cheapest raincoat is usually lightweight nylon, which, while not very pretty, has the advantage of being compact and easy to fit in the bag.

Regardless of which rain protection you choose, pick pants with wide pants, preferably with zippers at the bottom, so they won’t flutter in the wind while still being easy to put on over your golf shoes. The jacket should be loose enough with few seams. It is also important to remember to make as little noise as possible, moving at impact.

A headgear is also very important, especially in the wind or rain. Find something so that your hair does not fall on your eyes, so that the rain does not get on your glasses and the headgear holds up well when the wind blows. The choice of headgear is huge.

Golfers are not looking to look spectacular in the rain. You can see hats ranging from hats with tassels to caps with sewn-in earpieces. Fashion should come second to functionality! Also, you have to remember that when the weather is good, you need to hide your eyes from the sun with a cap with a visor or with a sun visor.

A sturdy pair of shoes plays an important role in a secure grip and good footwork. The most expensive shoes have an upper made of genuine leather and a leather sole with spikes. However, these shoes can be very stiff, and if the sole does not bend freely, you can get blisters on your feet.

For most players, the ideal combination is a leather upper that will “breathe” on a rubber sole that has either spikes or “bunions.” The sole should be flexible enough to provide good footwork. A stiff sole will not only be uncomfortable, it will cause problems when swinging.

Choose shoes with sturdy toes. This also promotes good footwork as the right foot goes forward to the tips of the toes. Shoes that are too flexible will not provide proper support. Also, remember that the height of the heel can vary slightly, which affects balance and footwork. Heels that are too high can shift the weight of your left foot forward toward the ball at the moment of contact, instead of allowing you to return to your heel.

Lately, lightweight tennis shoes have become increasingly popular, as these shoes make your feet less tired during your time on the course.

Most players wear a glove on their left hand, which helps maintain a consistent grip. Expensive natural leather is by far the most enjoyable, but it doesn’t last as long as some good synthetic materials. Additional padding at the base of the hand will help prevent the glove from wearing out quickly. Such a glove will fit your hand more snugly than a regular glove.

Put the glove on carefully, pulling it gently over all fingers, rather than just pulling from the wrist. In winter, it is usually easier to wear a pair of thick mittens over a golf glove than to play with a pair of gloves. There are special cart mittens that cover both the cart handle and the hands.

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Throughout the history of the game of golf, there have been three types of balls:
1) The feather ball.
A gutta-percha ball.
The ball is coated with rubber.
The first type was used for quite a long time until the mid-19th century and was used for almost 400 years. The second and third types were used in the last 150 years of golf’s evolution.

Feather ball dominated the game for so long, not because of any specific merits, but because there was no other alternative. This ball consisted of a spherical outer covering stuffed with a large number of feathers, which were boiled to become softer and more compact. A certain number of feathers were used in the manufacture, constituting a “full cylinder,” that is, about two liters. The hole through which the feathers were placed in the ball was subsequently, sewn up, after which the ball was given the shape of a ball.

The process of making the ball was long and expensive because an experienced craftsman could only make 3 or 4 balls a day. The resulting ball had a number of disadvantages. The ball was not smooth and its flight was random. When it rains, the ball absorbed moisture which affected its weight and the game became quite difficult. As a result of getting wet, there was rotting of the seams, as a result, the ball could tear when played on a rocky surface.

So, obviously, the feather ball was not at all ideal for playing golf. In 1850 an excellent replacement for the existing ball was found. The ball was made from a resinous secretion from Malaysia that was called gutta-percha. Golfers around the world were certainly excited about the new invention.

The gutta-percha could be softened in warm water, shaped into a ball – first by hand and later in steel molds – and then allowed to harden at a lower temperature. The result was a perfect ball that rolled straight, which happened for the first time in the history of golf.

These balls were cheap and their making was quick. So while these balls were not as enjoyable to hit as feather balls, they certainly represented a significant improvement. Occasionally these balls would splinter, but they could be cast again. However, there was a problem right from the start. Smooth balls did not want to fly a significant distance. This immediately irritated the people using the so-called “gutti” and gave rise to hope among feather ball makers, who were concerned about this innovation.

During games, it was observed that when the ball was dented, its technical characteristics improved and it flew better.

Early in the century, Coburn Haskell introduced the elastic wrapped ball with a soft core, from which the modern version of the ball eventually evolved. Being first wrapped in gutta-percha, this ball was more springy and easier to handle. However, despite these qualities, the ball was regarded with suspicion and there was serious talk of banning it.

All this changed during a practice round at the 1902 British Open played between professional Alexander Hurd and promising amateur John Ball. Heard should have won easily, but found that the amateur constantly outplayed him, both on the fairway and the green. John Ball used one of the new ball options. He then suggested that Alexander try playing with the new ball. Eventually, Heard was able to win a championship. After this event, the ball became hugely popular with golfers around the world.

Despite the debate over weight and size that began after World War I, it was decided in 1968 that only the American standard of 4.27 cm would be used in all PGA events.

Modern technology is still improving the golf ball, and as a result of the innovations, the rolling and flight of the ball is becoming more and more stable.
Varieties of golf balls are emerging:
1) Hard ball.
2) Semi-solid ball.
In addition, the pattern and number of holes were changed, and compression variations were introduced to suit individual players, depending on conditions.

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